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01 The Archive Menu
02 Cover (July-Aug 20)
03 Introduction (July-Aug 20)
04 The Future for Cafes (July-Aug 20)
05 Operating Your Cafe Safely (July-Aug 20)
06 Coffee Menu Reset (July-Aug 20)
07 Summer To Go (July-Aug 20)
08 Health & Wellbeing (July-Aug 20)
09 Ethical Consumerism (July-Aug 20)
10 Marketing (July-Aug 20)
11 And Finally (July-Aug 20)
12 Get in touch (July-Aug 20)
13 Home (Sept-Oct 20)
14 Introduction (Sept-Oct 20)
15 Attracting customers in a socially distanced world (Sept-Oct 20)
16 How to make safe but sustainable cup choices (Sept-Oct 20)
17 Brazil: A Tale of Two Worlds (Sept-Oct 20)
18 How much does your water quality affect your hot drinks? (Sept-Oct 20)
19 Tea in a Global Pandemic (Sept-Oct 20)
20 Customer Q&A: Coffee at the Wilsons, Blanefield (Sept-Oct 20)
21 Autumn Drinks Recipes (Sept-Oct 20)
22 Get in touch (Sept-Oct 20)
23 HOME (Nov-Dec 20)
24 WELCOME ON BOARD LA MARZOCCO (Nov-Dec 20)
25 BARING FRUIT: THE UNDRESSING OF A COFFEE CHERRY (Nov-Dec 20)
26 RWRD: BUILDING DIGITAL LOYALTY (Nov-Dec 20)
27 TRENDS IN FOOD & BEVERAGE (Nov-Dec 20)
28 WINTER DRINKS HOW-TO-VIDEOS (Nov-Dec 20)
29 XMAS PACKAGING INSPIRATION (Nov-Dec 20)
30 CUSTOMER Q&A (Nov-Dec 20)
31 Get in touch (Nov-Dec 20)
32 HOME (Jan-Feb 21)
33 WELCOME (Jan-Feb 21)
34 DRINKS MENU INSIGHTS 2021 (Jan-Feb 21)
35 CUSTOMER SPOTLIGHT: KAYA (Jan-Feb 21)
36 SUPPLIER Q&A KEEPCUP (Jan-Feb 21)
37 THE SMELL OF SUCCESS (Jan-Feb 21)
38 TAKEAWAY TOP TIPS (Jan-Feb 21)
39 DIARY DATES 2021 (Jan-Feb 21)
40 GET IN TOUCH (Jan-Feb 21)
41 HOME (Mar-Apr 21)
42 WELCOME (Mar-Apr 21)
43 INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 2021 (Mar-Apr 21)
44 Menu Board & POS Trends (Mar-Apr 21)
45 E-LEARNING (Mar-Apr 21)
46 SENSORY SESSIONS (Mar-Apr 21)
47 FAIRTRADE (Mar-Apr 21)
48 ISLANDS CHOCOLATE (Mar-Apr 21)
49 GREEN COFFEE (Mar-Apr 21)
50 GET IN TOUCH (Mar-Apr 21)
51 HOME (May-June 21)
52 WELCOME (May-June 21)
53 VOYEURISM OF THE NEW (May-June 21)
54 SIX SUMMER DRINKS (May-June 21)
55 SPOTLIGHT ON COLD BREW (May-June 21)
56 ABSOLUTE ROASTERS (May-June 21)
57 ART OF AWESOME (May-June 21)
58 SOCIAL MEDIA ANALYTICS (May-June 21)
59 SUSTAINABILITY (May-June 21)
60 GET IN TOUCH (May-June 21)
61 HOME (Oct 21)
62 WELCOME (Oct 21)
63 AWARD (Oct 21)
64 SMILE (Oct 21)
65 RECIPES (Oct 21)
66 CONTAINER CAFES (Oct 21)
67 SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT TIPS (Oct 21)
68 MENU BUILDER (Oct 21)
69 GET IN TOUCH (Oct 21)
70 HOME (Jan-Feb 22)
71 WELCOME (Jan-Feb 22)
72 AWARD WINNERS (Jan-Feb 22)
73 VEGANUARY (Jan-Feb 22)
74 TOP 5 THIS SEASON (Jan-Feb 22)
75 SOCIAL MEDIA PLANNING (Jan-Feb 22)
76 COP26 (Jan-Feb 22)
77 GET IN TOUCH (Jan-Feb 22)
78 COVER (Mar-Apr 22)
79 WELCOME (Mar-Apr 22)
80 RAINFOREST (Mar-Apr 22)
81 ALLEGRA ROUND UP (Mar-Apr 22)
82 FT FORTNIGHT (Mar-Apr 22)
83 SOUND OF FLAVOUR (Mar-Apr 22)
84 WEBSITE TIPS (Mar-Apr 22)
85 CALORIES (Mar-Apr 22)
86 GET IN TOUCH (Mar-Apr 22)
87 HOME (May-June 22)
88 WELCOME (May-June 22)
89 TEA GARDENS (May-June 22)
90 CUSTOMERS IN UNUSUAL PLACES (May-June 22)
91 ROASTERY FUN FACTS (May-June 22)
92 5 DESIGN TRENDS (May-June 22)
93 DEFINING ARTISANAL (May-June 22)
94 GET IN TOUCH (May-June 22)
95 HOME (Sept-Oct 22)
96 WELCOME (Sept-Oct 22)
97 JOHN MUIR AWARD (Sept-Oct 22)
98 CAFES AND THE COST OF LIVING (Sept-Oct 22)
99 ANNUAL PRODUCER SURVEY (Sept-Oct 22)
100 THE COFFEE FUELING THE NHS (Sept-Oct 22)
101 RECYCLING WEEK (Sept-Oct 22)
102 GOING AGAINST THE DESIGN GRAIN (Sept-Oct 22)
103 GET IN TOUCH (Sept-Oct 22)
104 HOME (sustainability nov dec 22)
105 WELCOME
106 NET ZERO
107 SOL Y CAFE
108 25 YEARS OF FAIRTRADE (copy)
109 LET DESIGN LEAF THE PAGE (copy)

SENSORY SESSIONS

Exploring mouthfeel and the reason I dislike the word 'smooth'

Dr Eduarda Cristovam, Head of Coffee

If ever a word were over-used...

The word smooth is commonplace when describing food and drink. The definition itself of “having an even and regular surface, free from perceptible projections, lumps, or indentations” does not set the world on fire and yet it’s sprinkled on many food packaging and menus. The reality is that smooth is difficult to define when used in a food context so perhaps our imaginations do most of the work painting a pretty picture and therefore smooth can be used as a nice subjective word filler. To me, smooth is like a backhanded compliment and this is only one of the many reasons why I dislike the darn word so much when describing coffee.

It was my birthday last week and as I face the precipice of old age, I feel entitled to start writing letters of complaint and ramble about the wrongs of the universe. As I wonder how many taste buds I have already lost and how many more will be fading away with the ticking of the clock, all I can think of is that at least I will always have mouthfeel.

Mouthfeel is a term used by sensory scientists to separate how food and drink feel in the mouth rather than how they taste. For example, if you pop a grape in your mouth without biting it, you will notice it feels smooth. A raisin on the other hand will feel wrinkly, and bumpy. Tell me this, when buying grapes would you feel excited if the pack described them as “smooth”? The term would be accurate and precise, yet I sense it would not drive the wanton impulse purchase of grapes or a sudden desire to ravish them.

Red wines are often described as smooth or with a pleasant texture which refers to their soft tannins rather than being overly astringent. In this case, it’s not the surface of the wine we judge but more how it makes our mouths feel when we take a sip. Smooth is then perceived as a positive attribute because it’s the absence of the unpleasantness of dryness. The absence of a negative becomes a positive, but it does not mean the presence of a positive. The term smooth on a wine label is like code for “it won’t make your mouth hurt”. If faced with the option of having sandpaper or smooth wax rolling around in your mouth, the wax is the no brainer choice. Neither are positive, but one at least is pain free.

Lemonade simply cannot be described as smooth but terms like mouth puckering, rough, or descriptions such as “it will denature proteins and attack your mouth lining” would all be emphatically rejected by copywriters and this is why, despite being accurate, they don’t appear on advertising or labels.

These descriptions are not perceived as glamorous or enticing so they must be transformed into palatable terms. Tarty, zingy or juicy are all used to sound less like DEFCON 1 when warning us about the wincing and eye twitching effects that acids have when ingested. Perhaps we wouldn’t purchase a bottle of pink lemonade no matter how stunning the label design, if the happy strap line was “your saliva will cease to lubricate your mouth”.

When it comes to coffee, smooth is used infuriatingly too often as a descriptor. The term is frequently associated with the absence of overly bitter and sour tastes. In this case smooth is used again to highlight the absence of negatives like acids which can cause pain when in excess and caffeine which has a negative unpleasant reaction when perceived. In the context of coffee, smooth is not only limited to its original definition linked to how the mouth feels, but also to human acceptability (or lack of) when it comes to a taste, bitter. If acid (with joyful flavours and aromatics) is dumbed down and bitter (glorious caffeine) are whisked away from coffee, there is little left for someone of my advanced age to revel in. Smooth is the blandness of puree, the flatness of liquified food, the sadness of desert plains.

In Eduarda's latest video, we learn how mouthfeel, and flavour in the cup, can change depending on the brew method used.

If a cup of coffee is found to be gritty, grainy, or dusty, it is likely to raise complaints because these feelings are outside our normal expectations of the product or even of cultural expectations. But if the brewing method was a French press or a Turkish coffee the gritty, powdery texture would perhaps be more acceptable or expected. An espresso without its fatty, creamy, and thick oil-water emulsion called crema would warrant a complaint because over time we have learnt that the crema and its mouthfeel is part of the coffee experience. Coffee flavour has a physical dimension, and we sense and feel the structure of the liquid which is crucial to our acceptability of it. But let’s not assume that coffee drinkers have an acid and bitter phobia that must be smoothed over.

Mouthfeel in coffee is important, it’s linked to acceptability and how it works in the mouth is complicated. We have nerve endings that are temperature, pain, pressure, and touch-sensitive which combined measure and judge the liquid. There are many texture terms to correctly describe coffee mouthfeel, but smooth is undoubtfully the favoured obliterating all others and bloody hell, it just feels wrong to use it to conceal the essence of coffee.

I accept that mouthfeel cannot be separated from flavour that easily, but it should not be used to hide alleged negatives. Roasters love acidity to death and consumers must be afraid of it and its mouthfeel reaction, as smooth is the word of choice on labels to soothe those fears. As I age, I don’t want smooth except when it means the absence of lines or crow’s feet. Let me have zingy and bouncy, juicy, and gritty when I drink coffee; let me enjoy coffee in all its glory, and don’t you dare try to protect me from fun.

The idea of fireworks in my mouth sound more attractive than the monotony of smoothness. The AeroPress in the back of the cupboard will slowly find its way to the front because I know it can resurrect hidden depths of acidity during brewing and make it explode into a thousand goosebumps on my tongue. The stovetop may have a revival so I can appreciate the thickness of the brew while feeling smug because I can still hear the gurgling signal that coffee awaits. Finally, the cafetiere will be dusted off to brew an Indonesian coffee so I can feel the stubble of the last cup and enjoy it just as much as the clarity of the first.

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About Dr Eduarda Cristovam

Head of Coffee at Matthew Algie


Eduarda is our resident sensory expert, with 21 years of experience in Sensory Analysis; 19 of which are specific to the coffee industry. As a result, Eduarda has a unique and inspiring way of describing coffee attributes and her interactive tasting sessions come highly recommended.

In addition to holding a PhD (Quality drivers in Port Wine and Espresso Coffee), Eduarda has lectured in Sensory Studies at Adelaide University, Australia, and is an Honorary Guest Lecturer at Strathclyde University, Glasgow.

As Head of Coffee at Matthew Algie, Eduarda oversees the development and introduction of all our new coffee and non-coffee products.